arxx wrote:Yeah, the same old song about digital zeros and ones, no difference, and the stupid audiophiles spending money on nothing.
"Practice is the criterion of truth." (C) Besides simple logic, there is such a thing as empirical expirience. At first, listen to many top notch audio systems, then try to build yours, spending years polishing it (however not exactly my case). Then you'll probably hear the difference between power cords, acoustic and digital cables and so on. Will hear IN YOUR OWN SYSTEM, blindly or not. Just like you hear a difference between amplifiers (I hope). Some people can't hear a difference between acoustic systems, other people can hear a difference between digital cables (in their own well known system).
Let all flowers grow.. 
One thing upfront: in the RME forum, we try to provide information that is as honest, accurate, and technically sound as possible.
For this topic, proper test methodology is critical. Without it, listening comparisons easily lead to different—and often wrong—conclusions. There is nothing wrong with conducting listening tests; the problem only arises when they are not done correctly, allowing bias to influence the result.
Below is a brief overview of the relevant points.
Psychoacoustic limits and test methodology
If you want to conduct serious listening comparisons, you must consider well-known psychoacoustic thresholds and practical limitations. Otherwise, you will very quickly “hear” differences that do not physically exist.
Level differences
A level difference of only ≈0.2–0.3 dB is already sufficient for a signal to be perceived as clearer, more open, or more detailed.
From around 0.5 dB, this effect becomes obvious to many listeners.
This is why precise level matching is mandatory. Rough adjustment “by ear” is not sufficient for a valid comparison.
Temporal aspects / switching speed
The auditory short-term memory for fine spectral and dynamic details is limited to a few seconds—often significantly less.
As the time interval between two listening events increases, the brain increasingly replaces actual memory with expectation and reconstruction.
In practical terms, switching must occur almost immediately (typically < 1 second, ideally much faster), otherwise the comparison is no longer based on perception but on assumptions.
Multiple passes, not a single impression
A single listening impression is not meaningful.
You need multiple repetitions to rule out coincidence and random hits.
Test setup considerations
Depending on what exactly you want to test, setting up a comparison that meets all requirements (especially fast switching and level accuracy) may be more or less difficult.
Example setup (Bit Test)
A very simple and robust test is the Bit Test of the ADI-2 series reference converters, ideally combined with an RME audio interface and a PC audio player that supports ASIO (Windows).
Play the test pattern via different digital paths (AES, S/PDIF optical, S/PDIF coaxial, USB)
Ensure:
- the audio player outputs bit-perfect data,
- all faders in TotalMix FX are set to 0 dBFS.
Overview of such a setup
PC------------------------------------------+
| |
| USB2 USB2 |
| |
UCX II---AES-------------------------->ADI-2 Pro FS
SPDIF(o)------------------------/ /
SPDIF(c)---------------------------/
The test pattern (a specific digital sequence of 0s and 1s) is transmitted losslessly up to the DSP of the ADI-2 Pro FS.
The DSP detects this unique pattern and confirms on the display that the bit test has succeeded.
This proves that the digital audio stream is transmitted losslessly, regardless of whether AES, S/PDIF optical, or S/PDIF coaxial is used.
The final D/A conversion is performed entirely inside the ADI-2 Pro FS using its own DAC.
The result is identical for all digital inputs—including USB and ADAT—and independent of cable choice.
This is simply digital data transmission, which is either correct or incorrect; when correct, it is lossless.
Clocking and jitter
Technologies such as SteadyClock FS ensure that digital data arrives with minimal jitter at the device performing the D/A conversion. The ADI-2 Pro FS is a special case, as it always uses its internal femto-second clock for the final D/A process, even when operating as a clock slave.
Knowledge matters
Proper testing is finally the same as you proposed, "practice", but with the important difference of using proper methodologies.
A solid understanding of how the involved components and technologies work together greatly helps to interpret results realistically and avoid false conclusions.
The proposed bit test is maybe not something that you would belief, it needs perhaps too much knowledge of how it works. It is just an offer how you can proof quickly that the different digital transfer technologies do not alter the bits, in short: there can not be any sound difference, if the transport is "bit perfect".
Whatever you prefer, you can also do listening tests, but done in a proper way, otherwise you come to the wrong results.
If you trust your ears, then you can not have anything against such a test which excludes any bias, so please do so.
BR Ramses - HDSPe MADI FX, M-1620 Pro D, 12Mic, UFX III, ADI-2 Pro FS R BE, Nuendo 15, Win10 IoT Ent