Digital lossless transfer of audio data does not change the sound.
It does not matter whether the transfer happens via USB, ADAT, optical or coaxial SPDIF, AES, MADI, AVB or Dante. It is and stays lossless transfer of digital audio data. You can even validate it using the reference converters Bit test.
Regarding #2, can you check with ADI-2/4's Bittest, whether audio transport is still lossless?
Next and most important point. Are you aware of that
- blind tests are needed to exclude psychoacoustic effects?
- you have to compare music at the same listening level (louder sounds better)
You stated that the RME sounds better compared to the Apogee, and now you claim that the RME sounds even better when chained after the Apogee? This is not logic, isn't it?
Maybe you have to improve your testing method first for more proper and logic sounding results.
At the end of the day you do not need to spend so much work on this.
Simply validate the lossless audio chain using the reference converters Bittest.
By this you validate the lossless transfer of audio data up to the DSP of the reference converter.
From there you have D/A conversion in the same quality without any change to sound and no matter over which digital path the lossless audio data had been transferred.
Also jitter is no issue as SteadyClock FS will always dampen jitter in the best possible way even if the reference converter should not be the clock master in a setup (by design).
BR Ramses - UFX III, 12Mic, XTC, ADI-2 Pro FS R BE, RayDAT, X10SRi-F, E5-1680v4, Win10Pro22H2, Cub14